12/24/2022 0 Comments Hohokam irrigation![]() It is argued that new irrigation communities are constructed in response to demographic expansion until circa AD 1000 when water demand begins to exceed available water resources. In the Hohokam case, the relationships between irrigation communities are examined diachronically. The exploration of relationships external to the irrigation community encounter traditional arguments concerning the impact of irrigation technology on centralization and sociopolitical complexity. Finally, the overall structure and organization of the irrigation community is examined. The organization of task groups along main canals, branch canals and within village territories represents increasingly higher levels of integration. ![]() The "command area," consisting of a set of fields receiving water from a common distribution canal and the cooperating task group of farmers operating it, is identified as a major organizational level. The reconstruction of the internal organization of the irrigation community begins at the level of the household fields, which are identified in detail for the first time. The model is applied to the Hohokam, the prehistoric irrigation agriculturists of south-central Arizona. ![]() This model is successfully tested against ethnographic analogs. A model is constructed using the irrigation community as the basic analytical unit having an internal organization and external relationships. This study develops a new theoretical framework for identifying the task groups operating these systems and for modeling sociopolitical organization and complexity. It is argued that irrigation systems are socio-technic entities, designed not only to satisfy engineering requirements but also to accommodate the social groups operating it. The relationship between large-scale water control projects and the development of sociopolitical complexity is an important theoretical domain in anthropology that can benefit from the diachronic nature of archaeological data. ![]()
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